Hva sier forskningen om oppstalling?
2020:
Lesimple, C. et al., Free movement: A key for welfare improvement in sport horses? Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2020
Free movement: A key for welfare improvement in sport horses? – ScienceDirect
“Overall, this study highlights the fact that providing sport horses some time for daily free locomotion (ideally with roughage/ grass resources) is possible and incurs no particular risks and that it is an essential requisite for promoting good welfare for horses.”
Ruet, A. and Cècile, A., Effects of a temporary period on pasture on the welfare state of horses housed in individual boxes, Applied Animal Behaviour Science 228:105027
“Domesticated horses mainly live in individual boxes, a housing system reported as compromising animal welfare.[…]These results demonstrate that the beneficial effects likely to be induced by the pasture do not last when horses return to individual boxes and that the environmental change causes deleterious short-term effects on the animals’ welfare state. It would thus be recommended to keep domestic horses permanently on pasture when possible.”
2019:
Ruet, A. et al., Housing Horses in Individual Boxes Is a Challenge with Regard to Welfare, Animals, 9, 621, 2019
“To preserve the welfare of horses, it seems necessary to allow free exercise, interactions with conspecifics, and fibre consumption as often as possible, to ensure the satisfaction of the species’ behavioural and physiological needs.”
Connysson, M. et al., “Effects of Horse Housing System on Energy Balance during Post-Exercise Recovery”, Animals, 9(11), 976. 2019
Effects of Horse Housing System on Energy Balance during Post-Exercise Recovery (nih.gov)
“This study examined whether recovery after competition-like exercise in Standardbred trotters was affected by housing system. The results showed that a free-range housing system did not delay recovery in Standardbred trotters, and in fact had positive effects on appetite and recovery of energy balance.”
2015:
Yarnell, K. et al., “Domesticated horses differ in their behavioural and physiological responses to isolated and group housing.” Physiology & Behavior, 143, 51–57, 2015
«Group housing provides horses with an environment where they are able to display natural behaviour and allows contact with con-specifics improving overall welfare. The behavioural and physiological findings during this study imply that the social housing designs were less aversive than the single housing design and provided an improved standard of equine welfare.”
2014:
Lansade, L. et al., Behavioral and Transcriptomic Fingerprints of an Enriched Environment in Horses (Equus caballus), PLoS ONE 9(12)
“Overall, our data show that a 12-week EE combining complex inanimate and social stimuli has beneficial effects on horses in terms of personality traits, learning abilities, and general well-being.”
2013:
Erber, R. et al., “Stress Response of Three-year-old Horse Mares to Changes in Husbandry System During Initial Equestrian Training.” Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 33(12), 1088–1094, 2013
“When horses were moved to individual boxes, cortisol concentrations increased to 1.8 [1] 0.2 ng/ ml within 30 minutes and did not return to baseline values within 6 hours (0.7 [1] 0.1 ng/ ml, P < .05 over time). On the following days, a diurnal rhythm was re-established but at a higher level than before the change of stable. Locomotion activity was higher when mares had access to a paddock than when kept in individual boxes. Heart rate increased for approximately 60 minutes when mares were separated from their group. In conclusion, separating young horses from their group and individual stabling are perceived as stressful.”
2012:
Werhahn, H. et al., Competition Horses Housed in Single Stalls (II): Effects of Free Exercise on the Behavior in the Stable, the Behavior during Training, and the Degree of Stress, Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Volume 32, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 22-31
“In the present study, three treatments were investigated with regard to their effect on the behavior of six competition horses in the stable, behavior during training, and on their degree of stress: daily training without free exercise (no turnout [NT]), solitary turnout for 2 hours after training, and 2-hour turnout in groups of two after training (group turnout).[…] The willingness to perform was evaluated as being slightly better in the treatments with turnout than in the treatment without turnout.”
2007:
Henderson, A., Don’t Fence Me In: Managing Psychological Well Being for Elite Performance Horses, JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL WELFARE SCIENCE, 10(4), 309–329
Don’t fence me in: managing psychological well being for elite performance horses – PubMed (nih.gov)
“Although the horse has been domesticated for more than 6000 years, there has been no selection for an equid who no longer requires an outlet for these natural behaviors. Using equine stereotypies as a welfare indicator, this researcher proposes that the psychological wellbeing of today’s performance horse is compromised.”